Vedic Astrology [IN MARRIAGE COMPATIBILITY]

Marriage is a sacred occassion for Hindus. While the necessity to marry a second wife is not desirable for men or a women. Therefore great care has to be exercised in uniting a girl and boy in wedlock. To ensure a long and happy married life, our sages jave devised a method of testing matrimonial adaptability which is called ‘Marriage Matching’.

Marriage confers on the couple ewual responsibility in respect of Dharma, Artha, Kama and Moksha which form the essence of human life. Dharma implies good conduct performing the various karmas prescribed by vedas and Shastras. Artha refers to one’s acquisition of material things such as welath. Kama implies enjoyment of pleasures particularly, sexual pleasures. Moksha is the final salvation.

So marriage in Hindus is sacred ritual which confers on married couple a legal and dignified status in society.

Every grown-up boy and girl expect the married life to be happy and prosperous. A boy marries a girl with the firm belief that she will be an ideal wife and willing partner making his married life full of bliss and hapiness. In the same way a girl joins a boy in wedlock with hope that he will prove to be ideal husband supporting her with love and devotion throughout the life.

The ancient rishis and astrologers have devised Astrological guidelines and rules to test marriage adaptability and compatibility between a boy and a girl.

In Grihya soothram which is a part of Vedas, matching by comparing the Chamudrika Lakshanam of the boy and a girl is advocated . Owning to limitations in applying the science of Chamudrika Lakshnam our Rishis felt the need for an alternated method. So they devised the method of matching by Koota Agreement based on birth Stars of the boy and the girl. Originally they recommended 20 kootas. But out of these only 10 kootas are considered for the actual horoscope matching and in some parts of North India only 8 kootas are considered. Hence it also popularly known as Das Porithan (Dasa means Ten).

Aryabhatt astrology software is widely used for the purpose of marriage compatibility. To know more about the software aryabhatt.htm.

Kootas and their Role

The Heavenly Bodies consisting of the 28 Nakshathras (Stars) including the Abijith set an oval round called the zodiac and the Navagrahas which transit this Zodiac exert their combined astral influences and regulated the level of human beings.

The Kootas agreement is ascertained by examining the birth stars and the Janma rasis, of the boy and girl. Each koota has a specific role or a part to play and reveals the result like a scanning machine.

(1) Dinam (Dinath Ayushyam Aarokyam) : The presence of Dina Koota agreement ensures that the husband and wife remains healthy and free from diseases and will enjoy all comforts and long life.

(2) Ganam (Sobanam Ganam Evacha) : This koota ensures "sobhana karam:. Some Tamil authors interpret Sobhanakaram as "Dhampathya Relation" meaning compatible sex life. Some also view it as matching of human minds and temperament.

(3) Yoni ( Yonitho Dhampathy Sneham ) : This is another koota which is interpreted in two ways. The word Yoni indicates the private reproductive organ of a women. So it is said that presence of Yoni Koota is must to ensure sexual compatibility. Under Yoni Koota each star is represented by an animal. If the animals representing the girl’s star nd boy’s star are friendly, there is agreement. If enemies, there is no agreement.

(4) Rasi ( Rasinam Vamsavirthi Kiruth ) : Vamsam means one’s clan or dynsty. Vrithi means growth. This ensures the continuation of one’s family through the birth of a son. If there is no progeny or issue, his family and tradition will end with him. Another school of thought interprets it as cordial relationship between the daughter-in-law and her in-laws. It seems reasonable as progney is indicated by other kootas also.

(5) Rasiyathipaty ( Santhanam Rasiythipathy ) : This refers to the friendship between the lords of janma rasi of the girl and boy. This koota ensures santhanam. The word santhanam also means progeny which is denoted Rasi Koota. It seems to be duplication of roles. Elders opine that Santhanam does not merely mean progeny or purthrabhagyam, but noble children with yogam.

(6) Rajju ( Rajju Mngalya Vrithysyath ) : This bestows on the wife "Deerga Mangalya Balam" means living happily with the husband for the long time. It is considered as the most important of the ten kootas as it ensures long life for the husband.

(7) Vedha ( Vedhaya Sohanasanam ) : Vedha means affliction. This koota agreement wards of all evils and pitfalls in married life. A happy and prosperous married life is assured as a result.

(8) Vasya ( Vasyath Anniyonnia Vasyaham ) : It is believed that the presence of this koota agreement assures mutual love and attachement.

(9) Mahendhram ( Mahendram Puthira Vrithisyath ) : It assures progeny i.e. children in a larger measure.

(10) Stree Deergam ( Stree Deergath Sarva Sampathha ) : It ensures accumalation of wealth etc. ie. allround prosperity.

(11) Nadi : In some parts Nadi Koota is also considered. Nadi means pulse which is a medical term. So nadi koota ensures health, longivity of the couple and hapiness of children.

(12) Varna Koota : Here varna referes to the caste of the girland boy and it is having no or less relevance now a days as intercaste marriages have become common

The astrologers have given certain points to all these kootas, The points are totalled according to the matching of the horoscopes. If there is matching of more than 50 percent points, then the couple is considered ideal for marriage.

Manglik (Mars) Matching : One of the most important aspect of horoscope matching. There must be the compatibility of Mars between the male and female horoscope.

The perfect calculation of all these points requires, accurate and detailed horoscope involving intensive algorithms and computer programs. The computer software Aryabhatt is one of the best software, which is widely used in India for the purpose of Marriage Compatibility. Details of aryabhatt software is available at aryabhatt.htm

 

Source: Vedic Astrology [IN MARRIAGE COMPATIBILITY]

E-Ticket booking terms and conditions at APSRTConline.in

1. The APSRTC provides only the facility for transaction with APSRTC’s Passenger Reservation System through the Internet. APSRTC’s rules for reservation and booking apply to all such transactions along with special conditions imposed for Internet based booking. The special conditions and terms of service applicable to Internet booking are detailed in this document.

2. The following terms and conditions will apply if you wish to use the APSRTC’s online ticket booking service offered through the APSRTC website www.apsrtconline.in. Please go through the conditions carefully and if you accept them, you may register and transact on the site, you are deemed to have agreed to the terms and conditions set’ forth below. If you do not agree with these terms and conditions, you must not transact on this Website. Once you have clicked the ‘Agree’ button at the bottom of Terms and Conditions at login page, you have entered into a formal agreement with APSRTC for the purpose of transactions on this website.

3. If a user violates the terms and conditions of use by registering more than one user ID and /or booking tickets on such multiple user IDs, APSRTC reserves the right to deactivate all such user registration and cancel any or all tickets booked using these registrations without any notice.

4. APSRTC’s performance of this agreement is subject to existing laws and legal processes of Government of India and nothing contained in this agreement is in derogation of APSTRC’s right to comply with law enforcement requests or requirements relating to your use of this Web Site or information provided to or gathered by APSRTC with respect to such use. You agree that APSRTC may provide details of your use of the Web Site to regulators or police or to any other third party, or in order to resolve disputes or complaints which relate to the Web Site, at APSRTC’s complete discretion.

5. If any part of this agreement is determined to be invalid or unenforceable pursuant to applicable law including, but not limited to, the warranty disclaimers and liability limitations set forth herein, then the invalid or unenforceable provision will be deemed superseded by a valid, enforceable provision that most closely matches the intent of the original provision and the remainder of the agreement shall continue in effect.

6. This agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the customer and APSRTC with respect to this Web Site and it supersedes all prior or contemporaneous communications and proposals, whether electronic, oral, or written, between the customer and APSRTC with respect to this Web Site. A printed version of this agreement and of any notice given in electronic form shall be admissible in judicial or administrative proceedings based upon or relating to this agreement to the same extent and subject to the same conditions as other business documents and records originally generated and maintained in printed form.

Procedure for e-ticket booking:

Online Booking (Internet Booking) will enable the passenger to book the seats and cancel the ticket even from remote places where APSRTC counters or franchisees are not available. The procedure and guidelines for Internet booking (called, On-line booking) are detailed as below:

1. Booking can be made by Registered user through the Internet. Registered User will be given username and password after filling an E-form on the Internet by giving his personal details.

2. Payments for tickets booked will have to be made through Credit Card /Debit Card.

3. Passenger booking the ticket will have to login to APSRTC website and proceed through the link provided for Advance Booking. The passenger will select the seats in a service of his choice based on the availability.

4. During the booking process, the passenger will have to select Identity Type and submit ID No. for confirming his identity during the journey. He can select from any of the Photo Identity Cards i.e. Passport, Driving License, Voter ID Card, PAN Card, Ration Card (passenger’s).

5. Before confirming the booking, the passenger will have to provide payment details like ‘Credit Card / Debit Card’ for accepting payment by the Payment Gateway. The booking will be confirmed after the Payment Gateway approves the transaction. At this stage, an OB Reference Number will be generated for that ticket and passenger shall note this number for further communication in future with APSRTC and after successful transaction passenger can print the e-Ticket. ‘e-ticket’ will be printed on a plain paper (A4 size) for acknowledgement and it will be valid for journey. This e-Ticket MUST be produced at the time of boarding the bus along with ID proof.

6. Alternatively, the passenger will have the option of getting the “e-Ticket” printed at any other place where he has Internet connectivity and printing facility. He can print the “e-Ticket”, by logging on through his User ID from Booked History in My Account tab.

7. After successful transaction this e-Ticket will be sent to passenger’s mail address provided in his profile at the time of Registration. He can get the printout of this e-ticket from his mail.

8. During journey, with "e-Ticket", passenger has to possess the Original Identity Card mentioned in the "e-Ticket".

9. The on-duty Conductor (or Driver-cum-Conductor) will verify the Identity Card of the passenger mentioned in the e-Ticket during the journey. If the passenger fails to produce the specified Identity Proof in original during the journey, the ticket will be treated as INVALID and the passenger will be treated as "Travelling without Ticket". Photocopies of Identity proof are not allowed.

10. Partial cancellations are not allowed in respect of e-tickets.

11. For Registered users, cancellation is allowed online only if they login with the same user ID used for booking the ticket, which is to be cancelled. In respect of cancellations, refunds applicable will be made to the concerned Credit card / Debit Card account only.

12. Cancellation of e-tickets is only allowed one hour before the schedule departure of the Service.

13. If the service is cancelled by APSRTC (or other STUs) for operational reasons, refund applicable will be made to the concerned Credit card / Debit Card account only.

14. If a passenger has lost the "e-Ticket", a copy of the same can be printed from "Booked History" module by logging on to APSRTC site, through his User ID and password. No charges will be applicable.

15. Alternatively he can get the printout from his email account, without logging into APSRTC site.

16. All transactions made by the user through on-line booking will be available in "Booked History". This will be for the reference of the passenger and subsequent verification of transactions made on the concerned Credit card / Debit Card account.

17. All transactions on Internet are subject to the conditions stipulated by the Payment Gateway and subject to levy of charges, if any. The APSRTC will levy a service charge of 2.5 % on the fare applicable for each seat in addition to the fare payable.

18. Users are advised to print e-tickets immediately after booking e-ticket to avoid inconvenience.

19. Payment Gateway Service charges will not be refunded for service cancellation / failure transactions in e-ticketing.

Waiting list:

1. The e-Ticket user who intends to get wait listed seat when desired service is FULL, will be given WL1, WL2, WL3 etc., depending on the number of wait listed seats, duly collecting full fare.

2. In case of vacancy arises on account of cancellation, the wait list rolls up to the extent of vacancies in the service and new wait listed passengers are allowed.

3. Seat will be allotted against cancellation to wait listed passenger (seat) on FIRST IN FIRST OUT basis. A SMS and an email will be sent to the e-Ticket user.

4. Seat confirmed / unconfirmed position will be sent to the passenger via SMS/e-mail before 3 hrs from the scheduled departure of the service. Alternatively he/she can know the status in www.apsrtconline.in

5. E-Ticket user can cancel confirmed or unconfirmed or both types of seats on tickets up to one hour before the schedule departure time.

6. If confirmed seat is cancelled normal cancellation/refund rules will be applied. In case of unconfirmed seat cancelled, total fare excluding Reservation fee and service charges will be refunded online.

7. If passenger is willing to travel as standee, he will be allowed with unconfirmed ticket in the same service or alternatively he can cancel unconfirmed seat/ticket.

8. If the passenger is willing to travel in special service other than his booked service, he has to pay the remaining 50 % difference of fare at the time of Journey.

CAT CARD Concessions:

1. CAT Card concession facility is also provided in ONLINE to book their advance reservation tickets.

2. While booking seats online, CAT card number MUST be entered.

3. e-Ticket user has to verify the CAT card number printed on the e-Ticket, which will be sent through mail to his/her email address with the CAT card available with him.

4. He/She MUST CARRY CAT card while boarding the bus and present to the Conductor / Driver or Checking officials if necessary.

5. If CAT CARD is not carried during Journey, ticket will be treated as without concession and the difference of fare has to be paid by the passenger in the bus.

Refund Procedure:

1. In respect of tickets cancelled by the passenger, APSRTC will refund the amount applicable to the concerned Credit card / Debit Card account by APSRTC.

2. In respect of refunds due to ticket not booked but amount debited to passenger’s account, passenger is requested to send an e-mail to online.support@apsrtconline.in mentioning USERID of the transaction. Officials of APSRTC will verify the details and refund the amount to the concerned Credit card / Debit Card account.

3. Refunds to passengers will be given normally in one month, after the cancellation of ticket or receipt of e-mail. If refunds are delayed more than a month, passengers may contact helpline telephone number at 040-33666999 from 04:00 hrs to 23:00 hrs.

Information related to advance booking at APSRTC / Franchisee counters:

Advance Booking.

1. Advance booking can be made for all long distance services covered under APSRTC reservation system at a single counter irrespective of the place of Boarding and Destination of the service.

2. Passengers can board the services at passenger Boarding /pickup points.

3. Passenger details (or group leader in case of a group) such as name, age, gender, address, phone no., e-mail ID (optional) will be collected for creating passenger database and communication in case of emergencies.

Reservation Fee

1. Advance reservation fee of Rs.10/- per seat is charged for passengers booking seats in advance.

2. Reservation Fee is non-refundable except in case of 100 % cancellation of tickets, if the service is cancelled by APSRTC for operational or any other reasons.

Cancellation Rules

1. For cancellation of tickets, cancellation fee is calculated on the journey fare applicable as per the below mentioned slabs.

2. Cancellation of tickets with discounts will be as per the rules in force. However, cancellation charges will be worked out on the collected fare of the ticket and refund amount will be fare collected less cancellation fee. Further, cancellation charges are applicable on actual fare only.

3. Reservation fee and service charges are not refundable.

4. The cancellation for e-ticket and refund rules slab wise (excluding the reservation fee, which is non refundable) are as below:

Sl.No	Advance Notice of Cancellation	Deduction to be made
1	More than 48 hrs before the Schedule Departure of the bus.	Only reservation charges
2	From 48 hrs before and up to 24 hrs. before the Schedule Dep. Time of the bus.	10% of the actual fare + Reservation charges
3	From 24 hrs before and up to 2 hrs before the Schedule Dept. Time of the bus	25% of the actual fare + Reservation charges
4	Up to 1 hr before Schedule Departure Time of the bus.	50% of the actual fare + reservation charges.

Postponement/preponement:

No postponement / preponement of the journey is allowed in e-ticketing.

Return Journey Discount

1. Return Journey Discount of 10% is given only if the passenger books both onward and return journeys simultaneously (in a single transaction) on selective routes only.

2. This discount is allowed only if the date of return journey is higher than the date of onward journey by minimum one day.

3. If onward and Return Journey Tickets are booked on different dates for want of seat availability or non-availability of advance booking facility, this discount is not allowed.

4. If the onward journey ticket is to be cancelled, passenger has to first cancel the Return journey ticket.

5. Cancellation of Return Journey Tickets will be as per the existing rules.

Related issues

1. Maximum of six seats can be bookedon a single ticket.

2. Three transactions will be allowed per day in e-ticketing, on a Single credit card/debit card etc.

 

For e-Ticketing/Refund Related Queries

E-Mail : online.support@apsrtconline.in

For Other Queries

E-Mail : customercare@apsrtconline.in

Phone No : +91 801 999 9999, 040-33 666 999

 

Source: E-Ticket booking terms and conditions at APSRTConline.in

Human Digestion Process

 

The whole digestive system is around 9 meters long. In a healthy human adult this process can take between 24 and 72 hours. Food digestion physiology varies between individuals and upon other factors such as the characteristics of the food and size of the meal.^[16]

[edit] Phases of gastric secretion

• Cephalic phase – This phase occurs before food enters the stomach and involves preparation of the body for eating and digestion. Sight and thought stimulate the cerebral cortex. Taste and smell stimulus is sent to the hypothalamus and medulla oblongata. After this it is routed through the vagus nerve and release of acetylcholine. Gastric secretion at this phase rises to 40% of maximum rate. Acidity in the stomach is not buffered by food at this point and thus acts to inhibit parietal (secretes acid) and G cell (secretes gastrin) activity via D cell secretion of somatostatin.
• Gastric phase – This phase takes 3 to 4 hours. It is stimulated by distension of the stomach, presence of food in stomach and decrease in pH. Distention activates long and myenteric reflexes. This activates the release of acetylcholine, which stimulates the release of more gastric juices. As protein enters the stomach, it binds to hydrogen ions, which raises the pH of the stomach. Inhibition of gastrin and gastric acid secretion is lifted. This triggers G cells to release gastrin, which in turn stimulates parietal cells to secrete gastric acid. Gastric acid is about 0.5% hydrochloric acid (HCl), which lowers the pH to the desired pH of 1-3. Acid release is also triggered by acetylcholine and histamine.
• Intestinal phase – This phase has 2 parts, the excitatory and the inhibitory. Partially digested food fills the duodenum. This triggers intestinal gastrin to be released. Enterogastric reflex inhibits vagal nuclei, activating sympathetic fibers causing the pyloric sphincter to tighten to prevent more food from entering, and inhibits local reflexes.

[edit] Oral cavity

Main article: Mouth (human)

In humans, digestion begins in the oral cavity, otherwise known as the "Buccal Cavity", where food is chewed. Saliva is secreted in large amounts (1-1.5 litres/day) by three pairs of exocrine salivary glands (parotid, submandibular, and sublingual) in the oral cavity, and is mixed with the chewed food by the tongue. Saliva cleans the oral cavity, moistens the food, and contains digestive enzymes such as salivary amylase, which aids in the chemical breakdown of polysaccharides such as starch into disaccharides such as maltose. It also contains mucus, a glycoprotein that helps soften the food and form it into a bolus. An additional enzyme, lingual lipase, hydrolyzes long-chain triglycerides into partial glycerides and free fatty acids.

Swallowing transports the chewed food into the esophagus, passing through the oropharynx and hypopharynx. The mechanism for swallowing is coordinated by the swallowing center in the medulla oblongata and pons. The reflex is initiated by touch receptors in the pharynx as the bolus of food is pushed to the back of the mouth.

[edit] Pharynx

Main article: Human pharynx

The pharynx is the part of the neck and throat situated immediately behind the mouth and nasal cavity, and cranial, or superior, to the esophagus. It is part of the digestive system and respiratory system. Because both food and air pass through the pharynx, a flap of connective tissue, the epiglottis closes over the trachea when food is swallowed to prevent choking or asphyxiation.

The oropharynx is that part of the pharynx behind the oral cavity. It is lined with stratified squamous epithelium. The nasopharynx lies behind the nasal cavity and like the nasal passages is lined with ciliated columnar pseudostratified epithelium.

Like the oropharynx above it the hypopharynx (laryngopharynx) serves as a passageway for food and air and is lined with a stratified squamous epithelium. It lies inferior to the upright epiglottis and extends to the larynx, where the respiratory and digestive pathways diverge. At that point, the laryngopharynx is continuous with the esophagus. During swallowing, food has the "right of way", and air passage temporarily stops.

[edit] Esophagus

Main article: esophagus

The esophagus is a narrow muscular tube about 20-30 centimeters long, which starts at the pharynx at the back of the mouth, passes through the thoracic diaphragm, and ends at the cardiac orifice of the stomach. The wall of the esophagus is made up of two layers of smooth muscles, which form a continuous layer from the esophagus to the colon and contract slowly, over long periods of time. The inner layer of muscles is arranged circularly in a series of descending rings, while the outer layer is arranged longitudinally. At the top of the esophagus, is a flap of tissue called the epiglottis that closes during swallowing to prevent food from entering the trachea (windpipe). The chewed food is pushed down the esophagus to the stomach through peristaltic contraction of these muscles. It takes only about seven seconds for food to pass through the esophagus and now digestion takes place.

[edit] Stomach

Main article: Stomach

The stomach is a small, ‘J’-shaped pouch with walls made of thick, elastic muscles, which stores and helps break down food. Food reduced to very small particles is more likely to be fully digested in the small intestine, and stomach churning has the effect of assisting the physical disassembly begun in the mouth. Ruminants, who are able to digest fibrous material (primarily cellulose), use fore-stomachs and repeated chewing to further the disassembly. Rabbits and some other animals pass some material through their entire digestive systems twice. Most birds ingest small stones to assist in mechanical processing in gizzards.

Food enters the stomach through the cardiac orifice where it is further broken apart and thoroughly mixed with gastric acid, pepsin and other digestive enzymes to break down proteins. The enzymes in the stomach also have an optimum, meaning that they work at a specific pH and temperature better than any others. The acid itself does not break down food molecules, rather it provides an optimum pH for the reaction of the enzyme pepsin and kills many microorganisms that are ingested with the food. It can also denature proteins. This is the process of reducing polypeptide bonds and disrupting salt bridges, which in turn causes a loss of secondary, tertiary, or quaternary protein structure. The parietal cells of the stomach also secrete a glycoprotein called intrinsic factor, which enables the absorption of vitamin B-12. Mucus neck cells are present in the gastric glands of the stomach. They secrete mucus, which along with gastric juice plays and important role in lubrication and protection of the mucosal epithelium from excoriation by the highly concentrated hydrochloric acid. Other small molecules such as alcohol are absorbed in the stomach, passing through the membrane of the stomach and entering the circulatory system directly. Food in the stomach is in semi-liquid form, which upon completion is known as chyme.

After consumption of food, digestive "tonic" and peristaltic contractions begin, which helps break down the food and move it through.^[16] When the chyme reaches the opening to the duodenum known as the pylorus, contractions "squirt" the food back into the stomach through a process called retropulsion, which exerts additional force and further grinds down food into smaller particles.^[16] Gastric emptying is the release of food from the stomach into the duodenum; the process is tightly controlled with liquids being emptied much more quickly than solids.^[16] Gastric emptying has attracted medical interest as rapid gastric emptying is related to obesity and delayed gastric emptying syndrome is associated with diabetes mellitus, aging, and gastroesophageal reflux.^[16]

The transverse section of the alimentary canal reveals four (or five, see description under mucosa) distinct and well developed layers within the stomach:

• Serous membrane, a thin layer of mesothelial cells that is the outermost wall of the stomach.
• Muscular coat, a well-developed layer of muscles used to mix ingested food, composed of three sets running in three different alignments. The outermost layer runs parallel to the vertical axis of the stomach (from top to bottom), the middle is concentric to the axis (horizontally circling the stomach cavity) and the innermost oblique layer, which is responsible for mixing and breaking down ingested food, runs diagonal to the longitudinal axis. The inner layer is unique to the stomach, all other parts of the digestive tract have only the first two layers.
• Submucosa, composed of connective tissue that links the inner muscular layer to the mucosa and contains the nerves, blood and lymph vessels.
• Mucosa is the extensively folded innermost layer. It can be divided into the epithelium, lamina propria, and the muscularis mucosae, though some consider the outermost muscularis mucosae to be a distinct layer, as it develops from the mesoderm rather than the endoderm (thus making a total of five layers). The epithelium and lamina are filled with connective tissue and covered in gastric glands that may be simple or branched tubular, and secrete mucus, hydrochloric acid, pepsinogen and rennin. The mucus lubricates the food and also prevents hydrochloric acid from acting on the walls of the stomach.

[edit] Small intestine

Main article: Small intestine

It has three parts Duodenum, Jejunum, and Ileum.

After being processed in the stomach, food is passed to the small intestine via the pyloric sphincter. The majority of digestion and absorption occurs here after the milky chyme enters the duodenum. Here it is further mixed with three different liquids:

• Bile, which emulsifies fats to allow absorption, neutralizes the chyme and is used to excrete waste products such as bilin and bile acids. Bile is produced by the liver and then stored in the gallbladder. The bile in the gallbladder is much more concentrated.
• Pancreatic juice made by the pancreas.
• Intestinal enzymes of the alkaline mucosal membranes. The enzymes include maltase, lactase and sucrase (all three of which process only sugars), trypsin and chymotrypsin.

The pH level increases in the small intestine. A more basic environment causes more helpful enzymes to activate and begin to help in the breakdown of molecules such as fat globules. Small, finger-like structures called villi, each of which is covered with even smaller hair-like structures called microvilli improve the absorption of nutrients by increasing the surface area of the intestine and enhancing speed at which nutrients are absorbed. Blood containing the absorbed nutrients is carried away from the small intestine via the hepatic portal vein and goes to the liver for filtering, removal of toxins, and nutrient processing.

The small intestine and remainder of the digestive tract undergoes peristalsis to transport food from the stomach to the rectum and allow food to be mixed with the digestive juices and absorbed. The circular muscles and longitudinal muscles are antagonistic muscles, with one contracting as the other relaxes. When the circular muscles contract, the lumen becomes narrower and longer and the food is squeezed and pushed forward. When the longitudinal muscles contract, the circular muscles relax and the gut dilates to become wider and shorter to allow food to enter.

[edit] Large intestine

Main article: Large intestine

After the food has been passed through the small intestine, the food enters the large intestine. Within it, digestion is retained long enough to allow fermentation due to the action of gut bacteria, which breaks down some of the substances that remain after processing in the small intestine; some of the breakdown products are absorbed. In humans, these include most complex saccharides (at most three disaccharides are digestible in humans). In addition, in many vertebrates, the large intestine reabsorbs fluid; in a few, with desert lifestyles, this reabsorbtion makes continued existence possible.

In humans, the large intestine is roughly 1.5 meters long, with three parts: the cecum at the junction with the small intestine, the colon, and the rectum. The colon itself has four parts: the ascending colon, the transverse colon, the descending colon, and the sigmoid colon. The large intestine absorbs water from the bolus and stores feces until it can be egested. Food products that cannot go through the villi, such as cellulose (dietary fiber), are mixed with other waste products from the body and become hard and concentrated feces. The feces is stored in the rectum for a certain period and then the stored feces is eliminated from the body due to the contraction and relaxation through the anus. The exit of this waste material is regulated by the anal sphincter.

 

Source: Human Digestion Process

Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams (TTD): kalyanamasthu Trust Seva

HOME >Sevas >Kalyanamasthu Trust

Search Site Contents Contact Us

Kalyanamasthu Trust

Overview

The Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams has undertaken various social and welfare activities in fulfillment of its motto of “serving the Lord by serving humanity”. For undertaking the performance of marriages on mass scale, the TTD has created Kalyanamasthu Trust in the month March, 2007 with following objects.

To take all necessary steps through any and all possible means, methods and processes for inculcating, propagating, disseminating, and promoting social discipline and moral values among the people of India, in particular in younger generation and to instill in them faith in the values and moral that has been back bone of the tradition and culture of our nation from times immemorial.

To undertake or assist in an appropriate manner, the performance of marriages by providing the essential material inputs and he support for the eligible and needy persons, on mass scale, at one or more places and from time to time, in accordance with the essential marriage rites as practiced according to the Customs of a region over the ages, at a simple and unostentatious traditional ceremony, with the sole objective of bringing the bride and bridegroom together so as to have an avowed commitment o led a life thereafter based on the principles of mutual love, respect, traditional family and social values, and harmonious co-existence.

To cooperate, to associate with, to take assistance and to assist in any manner considered appropriate to any individual or groups of individuals, institutions or bodies that in the perception of the trust, carry on any activities in harmony with the objects of the Trust.

To take any other steps and make any necessary efforts are considered appropriate from time to time for the attainment of the aforesaid objects.

DONATION AMOUNT

The minimum contribution for the scheme is Rs. 1,000/-. Donation amount below Rs. 1000/- will be credited to the account of Srivari Hundi without any intimation to the donor. All donations are deposited in a national bank, and interest earned is utilized for the scheme. Individuals, firms, companies etc. can made donations.

Donations can be made by way of Cheque/Demand Draft on any scheduled Bank drawn in favour of the “Executive Officer, Kalyanamastu Trust, TTD, Tirupati” and can be sent to the Chief Accounts Officer, TTD, Tirupati – 517501.

For further information contact: 0877-2277777 or 2233333.

Individuals, firms companies etc. can made donations, and they are eligible for income tax benefits u/s 80(G) of the Indian Income Tax Act.

(it is under process with I.T. Department.)

Click Here to Donate

Source: kalyanamasthu

Free porutham or kundali milan or vedic Match making or kundli match

 

Source: Free porutham or kundali milan or vedic Match making or kundli match

Mangal Dosha, Mars Dosha, Kuja Dosha, Manglik Dosha, Chevvai Dosham, Chovva Dosham in Vedic Astrology

Mangalik dosha is caused by Mars being 1, 4, 7, 8, or 12 house from Lagna or Moon or Venus. The Lagna represents physical body, the Moon represents Mind and Venus represents sexual relationship in the context of assessing marital bliss in a horoscope. Therefore, the houses mentioned have to be reckoned with reference to all the three viz. lagna, Moon, and Venus. The dosha is considered to be weak when it exists only from the lagna, a little stronger if it exists from the Moon, and still more powerful from Venus.

Mars is a cruel planet astrologically. Mars is a natural significator of Courage, Aggression, Violence, Property, Coborns to name a few. In terms of Marriage it acquires supreme importance as here it signifies Passion, the Husband, the Marital Knot, sex, etc. Moreover, the role of Mars in the generation of progeny cannot be underestimated.

Exceptions to Mangal Dosha

Mangal Dosha gets cancelled in some special conditions as defined below:

1. When Mars is in its own sign Aries, Scorpio, Capricorn or in the houses owned by planets supposed to be his friends (Sun, Jupiter, Moon)

2. If Mars is in the 2nd house but in Gemini, Virgo

3. If Mars is in 12th house but in Taurus, Libra

4. If Mars is in 7th house but in Cancer,

5. If Mars is in 8th house but in Sagittarius, Pisces

6. For Cancer and Leo ascendant Mars is a yogakaraka wherever it may be no dosha at all.

7. For Aquarius ascendant Mars in the 4th/8th house then the manglik dosha gets cancelled.

8. If benefic Jupiter or Venus is in ascendant

9. If Mars is in conjunction or aspected by Jupiter or Moon

10. If Mars is in conjunction/aspected by Sun, Mercury, Saturn,

11. if Saturn aspects the houses owned by Mars

12. If Mars is in conjunction with Jupiter (Guru) or Sun (Suryan) or Sani

Remedies of Mars Dosha/Manglik Dosha/Chevvai Dosha

As per the Ancient Indian Astrology Kuja Dosham is considered an important aspect in marriage match making and compatibility. There is no hundred percentage cure for Kuja Dosha but to reduce the ill effects of kuja dosha in marriage people follow some ceremony called a kumbh vivah. Traditionally, best remedy for Kuja Dosha is to marry another "Manglik" (mangalik bride to marry mangalik groom).

Note: If any one wanted check about manglik dosh , kundli matching can get in touch with me.

 

Source: Mangal Dosha, Mars Dosha, Kuja Dosha, Manglik Dosha, Chevvai Dosham, Chovva Dosham in Vedic Astrology

Research Astrology Article, Astrocent Special Approaches of Matchmaking or Kundali Milaan.

In India, we consider two factors of supreme importance while matching horoscopes of the prospective bride and groom for the purpose of marriage: -

1. The prospective bride and groom may have a compatible and peaceful relationship after marriage.
2. Families of both the prospective bride and groom may have a peaceful and lifelong relationship after marriage.

   POPULAR METHOD OF MATCHMAKING: -

   Usually, it is observed that people consider astrological matchmaking with incredulity when on the other hand medical science has also come up with a new way of matchmaking which suggests matching of blood groups before marriage. The matter of the fact is that most of the astrologers and astrology softwares match horoscopes in a cursory manner by taking into consideration just two factors: -

   1. Whether both the prospective bride and groom are Manglik or not?
   2. How much the prospective bride and groom score in guna matching with a score of 18 and above considered favourable for mutual compatibility.

   USUAL PROBLEMS AFTER THIS KIND OF MATCHMAKING:

   Usually, it is observed that even after astrological matchmaking based on a study of these two factors there are: -

   1. Misunderstandings and quarrels among husband and wife which sometimes results in divorce as well.
   2. One of them dies.
   3. One of them suffers from ill health.
   4. Couple is childless despite being physically fit.
   5. Family is unable to progress well.
   6. Both are indifferent to each other.

   If all these problems persist after matchmaking it means match was not undertaken correctly.

   WHAT ARE GUNAS?

   Gunas are studied based on 8 astrological factors in the horoscopes of prospective bride and groom.

   1. Varna
   2. Vashya
   3. Tara
   4. Yoni
   5. Grahamaitri
   6. Ganakuta
   7. Bhakuta
   8. Nadidosha

   All of these 8 astrological factors have been assigned scores: – Varna- 1, Vashya- 2, Tara- 3, Yoni- 4, Grahamaitri- 5, Ganakuta- 6, Bhakuta- 7, Nadidosha- 8. These total upto 1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8 = 36 Gunas. Out of these, The gunas which match positively are added to the score and the points for any doshas (blemishes) are deducted.

   WHAT IS LAGNA MANGLIK?
   
   When Mars is placed in the 1^st, 4^th, 7^th, 8^th or 12^th houses from the Lagna in the horoscopes of prospective bride and groom, it becomes a Manglik horoscope.

   WHAT IS CHANDRA MANGLIK?

   When Mars is placed in the 1^st, 4^th, 7^th, 8^th or 12^th houses from the Moon in the horoscopes of prospective bride and groom, it becomes a Chandra Manglik horoscope.

   IS IT SUFFICIENT TO MATCH MANGLIK AND GUNAS ALONE?

   Usually it is observed that even when Guna matching shows points greater than 18 upto 36 and Manglik or non-Manglik match is also compatible, couples have mutual differences, suffering in marriage life and they act against each other’s wishes.

   HOW TO MATCH HOROSCOPES: -

   How should Manglik matching and Guna matching be carried out so that a prosperous life may be ensured for the prospective bride and groom.

   FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED IN MANGLIK MATCHING: -

   1. Whether both are Manglik or not.

   2. If they are Manglik, is there any neutralizing factor as well?

   3. Whether Mars has changed positions as per detailed calculations or not?

   4. Whether Mars is combust or not.

   5. Whether Mars is eclipsed by Rahu or Ketu or not.

   6. Whether Mars is debilitated or not.

   SPECIAL FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED WHILE MATCH MAKING: -

   1. How are both the horoscopes of prospective bride and groom disposed in relation to marriage life? Position of planets in the house of marriage (7^th house) and the disposition its lord.

   2. If the house of marriage and its lord is not well disposed in both the horoscopes of prospective bride and groom, then they will have a problematic marriage life.

   3. How are the combinations for progeny in both the horoscopes of prospective bride and groom. Is there any indication of problem related to progeny?

   4. How is the house of fortune disposed in both the horoscopes of prospective bride and groom. Fortune will give progress or not.

   5. What is the quotient of anger in both the prospective bride and groom because. If both have lose temper then also situation can go to any extent.

   6. If both of then share the same Lagna one of them will prosper and the other one May face difficulties.

   7. A host of other combinations also need to be taken in account before finalizing Finalizing the match for marriage.

   OTHER FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED WHILE MATCH MAKING: -

   1. Analyzing character of both the prospective bride and groom.

   2. Health of the prospective bride and groom.

   3. Whether both have dominating nature.

   4. whether one or both of them have combinations for death of spouse or not.

   5. Is any emotional involvement possible which can disturb marriage life?

   All of these points should be considered by scholars before finalizing any match for the purposes of marriage astrologically.
   ERRORS IN MATCHMAKING TABLES FOUND IN PANCHAGAS (INDIAN EPHEMERIDES) : -

   Errors can be found in the matchmaking tables found in panchangas which also need to be considered : -

   1. If both the prospective bride and groom have Ashwini nakshatra (constellation) which means sharing the same Moon-sign and Nakshatra, the matchmaking table in panchangas assign 28 points and 8 points are deducted for nadidosha and a number of eligible prospective couples are considered ineligible. Whereas Pauranic scriptures have stated that: -

   Eknakshatrajataanam nadidosho na vidyate
   Anyakshapativedheshu vivaho varjitah sadaa

   Which means that if both the prospective bride and groom share the same nakshatra there is no nadidosha and if they have different nakshatras whose lords have mutual Vedha they should not marry. Then why are 8 points are deducted in panchangas for nadidosha?

   Pauranic scriptures have also stated that : –
   Nadidoshastu vipranaam varnadosho mahibhujaam, Ganadoshashacha vaishyanaam shudranaam yonidoshakah

   Which means that Nadidosha is considered especially harmful for brahmans, varnadosha for kshatriyas, ganadosha for vaishyas and yonidosha for shudras.
   But usually it is observed that nadidosha is considered especially harmful in every case which is not correct.

   On the other hand, Bhakuta dosha is considered in relation to progeny but the impact of Navapancham dosha is not found in panchangas, whereas there are two variations of navapancham dosha: -

   1. When the moon-sign of girl is 5^th as counted from the moon-sign of boy and moon-sign of boy is 9^th as counted from the moon-sign of girl.

   2. When the moon-sign of boy is 5^th as counted from the moon-sign of girl and moon-sign of girl is 9^th as counted from the moon-sign of boy.

   Panchangas deduct 7 points in both of the above stated instances, whereas our pauranic scriptures have stated that: -

   Maranam pitrimatroscheta samgrahyam navapanchakam
   Varasya Panchame Kanya kanyaya navame varah
   Etat trikonakam grahyam putrapautrasukhavaham
   Shadashtake Bhavenmrityuryatnatastam Vicharyeta

   Which means that if father of the prospective groom and mother of the prospective bride have expired then Navapancham dosha loses its power to do evil and marriage can be consummated because Navapancham dosha is thought to affect them only.
   Still, if the moon-sign of girl is 5^th as counted from the moon-sign of boy and the moon-sign of boy is 9^th as counted from the moon-sign of girl, it is considered positive and gives happiness of children and grandchildren as it is not supposed to bring negativity.
   
   CONCLUSION: -

   Whereas it is usually observed that points for both of the abovementioned types of navapancham dosha have been deducted which is not correct and hence it is desirable that astrological matchmaking for the purpose of marriage should be undertaken by taking into consideration not only the prospective bride and groom but their families as well. Instead of matching merely Gunas and Manglik dosha a comprehensive matchmaking as outlined above can help ensure a successful marriage life as well as prosperity and progress in life.

   by Pt. Sunil Sharma
   Director

 

 

Source: Research Astrology Article, Astrocent Special Approaches of Matchmaking or Kundali Milaan.

Contacts Details of Astrologers in Hyderabad

Gargeya siddhanti garu

http://grahagyanam.blogspot.com/2011/03/hello-and-welcome-viewers.html
u can call his assistant and get appointment fixed.Timings 11:00am to 4:00pm.
ph:9348032385 except on holidays.Its already booked till April 2012

Consultation: Requires prior appointment usually of Three-Six months 

 

C.V.B.subrahmanyam

101, Swati Kuteer, Yousufguda, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh 500073
040 2373 4999

Consultation:  All Days; appointment to be taken; Fee Rs. 500/-

 

Dr R Nageswara Rao,
G-2, Kalpadham Apartments, Plot No: 366/2RT, Axis Bank street
S.R. Nagar, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Phone : 91 – 97044 66613

http://askastrologer.com/contactus.html 

Consultation: Only on Sundays appointment should be taken on Saturday;  Rs. 1000/-; Online viewing will cost at Rs. 400/-;

System Access Control Lists (SACLs)

 

Medicine for Cough

About: Cough

Cough usually of 

1. Dry cough
2. Accompanied by Phlegm/Mucos 

 

Medicine for cough would be in both tablets and syrup forms

1. Tablets include – TusQ and Tusq-D chewable/lozenges
2. Syrup
1. For Dry cough – Corex, Tusq-D,
2. For others – Cheston, Ascroil, Coscopin, Zedex, Grillinctus,